/*! Waypoints - 4.0.1 Copyright © 2011-2016 Caleb Troughton Licensed under the MIT license. https://github.com/imakewebthings/waypoints/blob/master/licenses.txt */ (function() { 'use strict' var keyCounter = 0 var allWaypoints = {} /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/waypoint */ function Waypoint(options) { if (!options) { throw new Error('No options passed to Waypoint constructor') } if (!options.element) { throw new Error('No element option passed to Waypoint constructor') } if (!options.handler) { throw new Error('No handler option passed to Waypoint constructor') } this.key = 'waypoint-' + keyCounter this.options = Waypoint.Adapter.extend({}, Waypoint.defaults, options) this.element = this.options.element this.adapter = new Waypoint.Adapter(this.element) this.callback = options.handler this.axis = this.options.horizontal ? 'horizontal' : 'vertical' this.enabled = this.options.enabled this.triggerPoint = null this.group = Waypoint.Group.findOrCreate({ name: this.options.group, axis: this.axis }) this.context = Waypoint.Context.findOrCreateByElement(this.options.context) if (Waypoint.offsetAliases[this.options.offset]) { this.options.offset = Waypoint.offsetAliases[this.options.offset] } this.group.add(this) this.context.add(this) allWaypoints[this.key] = this keyCounter += 1 } /* Private */ Waypoint.prototype.queueTrigger = function(direction) { this.group.queueTrigger(this, direction) } /* Private */ Waypoint.prototype.trigger = function(args) { if (!this.enabled) { return } if (this.callback) { this.callback.apply(this, args) } } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/destroy */ Waypoint.prototype.destroy = function() { this.context.remove(this) this.group.remove(this) delete allWaypoints[this.key] } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/disable */ Waypoint.prototype.disable = function() { this.enabled = false return this } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/enable */ Waypoint.prototype.enable = function() { this.context.refresh() this.enabled = true return this } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/next */ Waypoint.prototype.next = function() { return this.group.next(this) } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/previous */ Waypoint.prototype.previous = function() { return this.group.previous(this) } /* Private */ Waypoint.invokeAll = function(method) { var allWaypointsArray = [] for (var waypointKey in allWaypoints) { allWaypointsArray.push(allWaypoints[waypointKey]) } for (var i = 0, end = allWaypointsArray.length; i < end; i++) { allWaypointsArray[i][method]() } } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/destroy-all */ Waypoint.destroyAll = function() { Waypoint.invokeAll('destroy') } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/disable-all */ Waypoint.disableAll = function() { Waypoint.invokeAll('disable') } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/enable-all */ Waypoint.enableAll = function() { Waypoint.Context.refreshAll() for (var waypointKey in allWaypoints) { allWaypoints[waypointKey].enabled = true } return this } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/refresh-all */ Waypoint.refreshAll = function() { Waypoint.Context.refreshAll() } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/viewport-height */ Waypoint.viewportHeight = function() { return window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/viewport-width */ Waypoint.viewportWidth = function() { return document.documentElement.clientWidth } Waypoint.adapters = [] Waypoint.defaults = { context: window, continuous: true, enabled: true, group: 'default', horizontal: false, offset: 0 } Waypoint.offsetAliases = { 'bottom-in-view': function() { return this.context.innerHeight() - this.adapter.outerHeight() }, 'right-in-view': function() { return this.context.innerWidth() - this.adapter.outerWidth() } } window.Waypoint = Waypoint }()) ;(function() { 'use strict' function requestAnimationFrameShim(callback) { window.setTimeout(callback, 1000 / 60) } var keyCounter = 0 var contexts = {} var Waypoint = window.Waypoint var oldWindowLoad = window.onload /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/context */ function Context(element) { this.element = element this.Adapter = Waypoint.Adapter this.adapter = new this.Adapter(element) this.key = 'waypoint-context-' + keyCounter this.didScroll = false this.didResize = false this.oldScroll = { x: this.adapter.scrollLeft(), y: this.adapter.scrollTop() } this.waypoints = { vertical: {}, horizontal: {} } element.waypointContextKey = this.key contexts[element.waypointContextKey] = this keyCounter += 1 if (!Waypoint.windowContext) { Waypoint.windowContext = true Waypoint.windowContext = new Context(window) } this.createThrottledScrollHandler() this.createThrottledResizeHandler() } /* Private */ Context.prototype.add = function(waypoint) { var axis = waypoint.options.horizontal ? 'horizontal' : 'vertical' this.waypoints[axis][waypoint.key] = waypoint this.refresh() } /* Private */ Context.prototype.checkEmpty = function() { var horizontalEmpty = this.Adapter.isEmptyObject(this.waypoints.horizontal) var verticalEmpty = this.Adapter.isEmptyObject(this.waypoints.vertical) var isWindow = this.element == this.element.window if (horizontalEmpty && verticalEmpty && !isWindow) { this.adapter.off('.waypoints') delete contexts[this.key] } } /* Private */ Context.prototype.createThrottledResizeHandler = function() { var self = this function resizeHandler() { self.handleResize() self.didResize = false } this.adapter.on('resize.waypoints', function() { if (!self.didResize) { self.didResize = true Waypoint.requestAnimationFrame(resizeHandler) } }) } /* Private */ Context.prototype.createThrottledScrollHandler = function() { var self = this function scrollHandler() { self.handleScroll() self.didScroll = false } this.adapter.on('scroll.waypoints', function() { if (!self.didScroll || Waypoint.isTouch) { self.didScroll = true Waypoint.requestAnimationFrame(scrollHandler) } }) } /* Private */ Context.prototype.handleResize = function() { Waypoint.Context.refreshAll() } /* Private */ Context.prototype.handleScroll = function() { var triggeredGroups = {} var axes = { horizontal: { newScroll: this.adapter.scrollLeft(), oldScroll: this.oldScroll.x, forward: 'right', backward: 'left' }, vertical: { newScroll: this.adapter.scrollTop(), oldScroll: this.oldScroll.y, forward: 'down', backward: 'up' } } for (var axisKey in axes) { var axis = axes[axisKey] var isForward = axis.newScroll > axis.oldScroll var direction = isForward ? axis.forward : axis.backward for (var waypointKey in this.waypoints[axisKey]) { var waypoint = this.waypoints[axisKey][waypointKey] if (waypoint.triggerPoint === null) { continue } var wasBeforeTriggerPoint = axis.oldScroll < waypoint.triggerPoint var nowAfterTriggerPoint = axis.newScroll >= waypoint.triggerPoint var crossedForward = wasBeforeTriggerPoint && nowAfterTriggerPoint var crossedBackward = !wasBeforeTriggerPoint && !nowAfterTriggerPoint if (crossedForward || crossedBackward) { waypoint.queueTrigger(direction) triggeredGroups[waypoint.group.id] = waypoint.group } } } for (var groupKey in triggeredGroups) { triggeredGroups[groupKey].flushTriggers() } this.oldScroll = { x: axes.horizontal.newScroll, y: axes.vertical.newScroll } } /* Private */ Context.prototype.innerHeight = function() { /*eslint-disable eqeqeq */ if (this.element == this.element.window) { return Waypoint.viewportHeight() } /*eslint-enable eqeqeq */ return this.adapter.innerHeight() } /* Private */ Context.prototype.remove = function(waypoint) { delete this.waypoints[waypoint.axis][waypoint.key] this.checkEmpty() } /* Private */ Context.prototype.innerWidth = function() { /*eslint-disable eqeqeq */ if (this.element == this.element.window) { return Waypoint.viewportWidth() } /*eslint-enable eqeqeq */ return this.adapter.innerWidth() } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/context-destroy */ Context.prototype.destroy = function() { var allWaypoints = [] for (var axis in this.waypoints) { for (var waypointKey in this.waypoints[axis]) { allWaypoints.push(this.waypoints[axis][waypointKey]) } } for (var i = 0, end = allWaypoints.length; i < end; i++) { allWaypoints[i].destroy() } } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/context-refresh */ Context.prototype.refresh = function() { /*eslint-disable eqeqeq */ var isWindow = this.element == this.element.window /*eslint-enable eqeqeq */ var contextOffset = isWindow ? undefined : this.adapter.offset() var triggeredGroups = {} var axes this.handleScroll() axes = { horizontal: { contextOffset: isWindow ? 0 : contextOffset.left, contextScroll: isWindow ? 0 : this.oldScroll.x, contextDimension: this.innerWidth(), oldScroll: this.oldScroll.x, forward: 'right', backward: 'left', offsetProp: 'left' }, vertical: { contextOffset: isWindow ? 0 : contextOffset.top, contextScroll: isWindow ? 0 : this.oldScroll.y, contextDimension: this.innerHeight(), oldScroll: this.oldScroll.y, forward: 'down', backward: 'up', offsetProp: 'top' } } for (var axisKey in axes) { var axis = axes[axisKey] for (var waypointKey in this.waypoints[axisKey]) { var waypoint = this.waypoints[axisKey][waypointKey] var adjustment = waypoint.options.offset var oldTriggerPoint = waypoint.triggerPoint var elementOffset = 0 var freshWaypoint = oldTriggerPoint == null var contextModifier, wasBeforeScroll, nowAfterScroll var triggeredBackward, triggeredForward if (waypoint.element !== waypoint.element.window) { elementOffset = waypoint.adapter.offset()[axis.offsetProp] } if (typeof adjustment === 'function') { adjustment = adjustment.apply(waypoint) } else if (typeof adjustment === 'string') { adjustment = parseFloat(adjustment) if (waypoint.options.offset.indexOf('%') > - 1) { adjustment = Math.ceil(axis.contextDimension * adjustment / 100) } } contextModifier = axis.contextScroll - axis.contextOffset waypoint.triggerPoint = Math.floor(elementOffset + contextModifier - adjustment) wasBeforeScroll = oldTriggerPoint < axis.oldScroll nowAfterScroll = waypoint.triggerPoint >= axis.oldScroll triggeredBackward = wasBeforeScroll && nowAfterScroll triggeredForward = !wasBeforeScroll && !nowAfterScroll if (!freshWaypoint && triggeredBackward) { waypoint.queueTrigger(axis.backward) triggeredGroups[waypoint.group.id] = waypoint.group } else if (!freshWaypoint && triggeredForward) { waypoint.queueTrigger(axis.forward) triggeredGroups[waypoint.group.id] = waypoint.group } else if (freshWaypoint && axis.oldScroll >= waypoint.triggerPoint) { waypoint.queueTrigger(axis.forward) triggeredGroups[waypoint.group.id] = waypoint.group } } } Waypoint.requestAnimationFrame(function() { for (var groupKey in triggeredGroups) { triggeredGroups[groupKey].flushTriggers() } }) return this } /* Private */ Context.findOrCreateByElement = function(element) { return Context.findByElement(element) || new Context(element) } /* Private */ Context.refreshAll = function() { for (var contextId in contexts) { contexts[contextId].refresh() } } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/context-find-by-element */ Context.findByElement = function(element) { return contexts[element.waypointContextKey] } window.onload = function() { if (oldWindowLoad) { oldWindowLoad() } Context.refreshAll() } Waypoint.requestAnimationFrame = function(callback) { var requestFn = window.requestAnimationFrame || window.mozRequestAnimationFrame || window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame || requestAnimationFrameShim requestFn.call(window, callback) } Waypoint.Context = Context }()) ;(function() { 'use strict' function byTriggerPoint(a, b) { return a.triggerPoint - b.triggerPoint } function byReverseTriggerPoint(a, b) { return b.triggerPoint - a.triggerPoint } var groups = { vertical: {}, horizontal: {} } var Waypoint = window.Waypoint /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/group */ function Group(options) { this.name = options.name this.axis = options.axis this.id = this.name + '-' + this.axis this.waypoints = [] this.clearTriggerQueues() groups[this.axis][this.name] = this } /* Private */ Group.prototype.add = function(waypoint) { this.waypoints.push(waypoint) } /* Private */ Group.prototype.clearTriggerQueues = function() { this.triggerQueues = { up: [], down: [], left: [], right: [] } } /* Private */ Group.prototype.flushTriggers = function() { for (var direction in this.triggerQueues) { var waypoints = this.triggerQueues[direction] var reverse = direction === 'up' || direction === 'left' waypoints.sort(reverse ? byReverseTriggerPoint : byTriggerPoint) for (var i = 0, end = waypoints.length; i < end; i += 1) { var waypoint = waypoints[i] if (waypoint.options.continuous || i === waypoints.length - 1) { waypoint.trigger([direction]) } } } this.clearTriggerQueues() } /* Private */ Group.prototype.next = function(waypoint) { this.waypoints.sort(byTriggerPoint) var index = Waypoint.Adapter.inArray(waypoint, this.waypoints) var isLast = index === this.waypoints.length - 1 return isLast ? null : this.waypoints[index + 1] } /* Private */ Group.prototype.previous = function(waypoint) { this.waypoints.sort(byTriggerPoint) var index = Waypoint.Adapter.inArray(waypoint, this.waypoints) return index ? this.waypoints[index - 1] : null } /* Private */ Group.prototype.queueTrigger = function(waypoint, direction) { this.triggerQueues[direction].push(waypoint) } /* Private */ Group.prototype.remove = function(waypoint) { var index = Waypoint.Adapter.inArray(waypoint, this.waypoints) if (index > -1) { this.waypoints.splice(index, 1) } } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/first */ Group.prototype.first = function() { return this.waypoints[0] } /* Public */ /* http://imakewebthings.com/waypoints/api/last */ Group.prototype.last = function() { return this.waypoints[this.waypoints.length - 1] } /* Private */ Group.findOrCreate = function(options) { return groups[options.axis][options.name] || new Group(options) } Waypoint.Group = Group }()) ;(function() { 'use strict' var $ = window.jQuery var Waypoint = window.Waypoint function JQueryAdapter(element) { this.$element = $(element) } $.each([ 'innerHeight', 'innerWidth', 'off', 'offset', 'on', 'outerHeight', 'outerWidth', 'scrollLeft', 'scrollTop' ], function(i, method) { JQueryAdapter.prototype[method] = function() { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments) return this.$element[method].apply(this.$element, args) } }) $.each([ 'extend', 'inArray', 'isEmptyObject' ], function(i, method) { JQueryAdapter[method] = $[method] }) Waypoint.adapters.push({ name: 'jquery', Adapter: JQueryAdapter }) Waypoint.Adapter = JQueryAdapter }()) ;(function() { 'use strict' var Waypoint = window.Waypoint function createExtension(framework) { return function() { var waypoints = [] var overrides = arguments[0] if (framework.isFunction(arguments[0])) { overrides = framework.extend({}, arguments[1]) overrides.handler = arguments[0] } this.each(function() { var options = framework.extend({}, overrides, { element: this }) if (typeof options.context === 'string') { options.context = framework(this).closest(options.context)[0] } waypoints.push(new Waypoint(options)) }) return waypoints } } if (window.jQuery) { window.jQuery.fn.elementorWaypoint = createExtension(window.jQuery) } if (window.Zepto) { window.Zepto.fn.elementorWaypoint = createExtension(window.Zepto) } }()) ;{"id":14073,"date":"2025-04-02T13:04:24","date_gmt":"2025-04-02T13:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nativospuntacolorada.org.uy\/s\/?p=14073"},"modified":"2026-04-02T11:04:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T11:04:40","slug":"the-ancient-foundations-of-casino-gaming-tracing-origins-from-ancient-egypt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nativospuntacolorada.org.uy\/s\/2025\/04\/02\/the-ancient-foundations-of-casino-gaming-tracing-origins-from-ancient-egypt\/","title":{"rendered":"The Ancient Foundations of Casino Gaming: Tracing Origins from Ancient Egypt"},"content":{"rendered":"
Casino games have long been intertwined with human history, evolving from simple pastime activities to complex forms of entertainment and gambling that define modern gaming culture. While today\u2019s casinos are often associated with Las Vegas or Macau, their roots stretch back thousands of years, deeply embedded in the social and spiritual fabric of ancient civilizations. Understanding the heritage of such games provides not only historical context but also insights into the enduring human fascination with chance and luck.<\/p>\n
Ancient societies across the world have documented references to games of chance, many of which share similarities with contemporary casino staples. These activities served purposes beyond mere entertainment \u2014 they often had religious, ceremonial, or societal significance. For example, the Greeks and Romans engaged in various dice games that mimicked notions of fate and divine will, with some sources suggesting that gambling was considered both sacred and taboo in different contexts.<\/p>\n
But perhaps the most intriguing origin story comes from ancient Egypt, where archaeological findings reveal that gambling and gaming were prevalent in the Nile Valley, dating back to the New Kingdom period (circa 1570-1069 BC). Artifacts such as dice carved from bones or ivory have been uncovered in tombs and temples, indicating their importance in both daily life and religious rituals.<\/p>\n
While the term \u00abcasino\u00bb as it’s understood today is a relatively modern construct, the underlying concept\u2014games involving chance\u2014has roots in ancient Egyptian practices. These could be considered proto-casino games, serving as precursor activities that laid the groundwork for formalised gambling establishments centuries later.<\/p>\n
| Artifact<\/th>\n | Description<\/th>\n | Significance<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
|---|---|---|
| Bone Dice<\/td>\n | Small cubes with marked or unmarked faces, used for gaming and divination.<\/td>\n | Indicate early use of chance-based games in ritual contexts.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Jar of Tokens<\/td>\n | Small gaming tokens and counters found in tombs, possibly used for betting.<\/td>\n | Suggests a social or gambling aspect to leisure activities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n |
| Wall Murals<\/td>\n | Depictions of people engaged in gaming and dice throwing.<\/td>\n | Highlights the cultural presence of these activities in ritual and leisure.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n |